Fibrés vectoriels spéciaux (Q3974103)

A vector bundle on a complex projective curve \(X\) is special if its first two cohomology groups are non-zero. This article extends to special vector bundles a number of classical results on special line bundles. The proofs rely upon the detailed study of an analog of the Abel-Jacobi map for vector bundles of rank \(n\). The results are formulated in the framework of the theory of moduli stacks, but are natural extensions of their analog in the rank one case. In particular, the main tool is an Abel-Jacobi map for vector bundles. The results include the following: Special vector bundles of any rank \(n\) and degree \(d\) form a proper closed subset \(W^ d_ n\) in the moduli stack of vector bundles of rank \(n\). For \(n\geq 2\) and \(d\leq n(g-1)\), this subset is non-empty, reduced, irreducible of codimension \(n(g-1)-d+1\), Cohen-Macaulay, and its singular locus has codimension \(\geq 2\). This applies to the theta divisor \(W_ n^{n(g-1)}\), which is therefore a normal integral Cartier divisor. Bounds are given on the dimensions of components of the closed subsets \(W_ n^{d,r}\) of \(W^ d_ n\) that consist of vector bundles with more than \(r\) independent sections. The lower bound is \(\rho=n^ 2(g-1)-(r+1-d+n(g-1))\) and the upper bound is \(\rho\) plus the dimension of the kernel of the Petri map \(H^ 0(X,{\mathcal L})\otimes\text{Hom}({\mathcal L},\Omega_ X^ 1)\to\text{Hom}({\mathcal L},{\mathcal L}\otimes\Omega^ 1_ X)\). Here, the method is to perform an infinitesimal study of the stack whose objects are pairs \(({\mathcal L},V)\), where \({\mathcal L}\) is a vector bundle on \(X\) and \(V\) a \((r+1)\)-dimensional space of sections of \({\mathcal L}\) (the analogs of the spaces \(G^ r_ d\) in the rank one case). Other upper bounds of Clifford and Martens types are given, that are used to determine the direct image of the constant sheaf \(\mathbb{C}\) by the Abel-Jacobi mapping. The extension of Riemann and Kempf singularity theorem is left to the reader (but should be no problem, says the author).