On Monotone Trajectories (Q3974496)

For a metric space \(X\) a semiflow on \(X\) is called a family of continuous mappings \(\Phi_ t: [0,\infty)\times X\to X\) satisfying the following: 1) \(\Phi_ 0=I_ X\), 2) \(\Phi_ t(\Phi_ s(x))=\Phi_{t+s}(x)\) for \(t,s\in [0,\infty)\). A semiflow on an open subset of a strongly orderd Banach space \(V\) is said to be strongly monotone if, for each \(t>0\), \(x,y\in X\), the inequality \(x<y\) implies \(\Phi_ t(x)\ll\Phi_ t(y)\). Let \(0\in X\) be an equilibrium for a strongly monotone semiflow \(\Phi_ t\). \(K(\varepsilon)\) denotes the closed ball of center 0 and radius \(\varepsilon>0\), \(B(\varepsilon):=\{x\in K(\varepsilon): |\Phi_ t(x)|\to 0\hbox{ as }t\to\infty\}\), \(B_ +(\varepsilon)\) (resp. \(B_ -(\varepsilon)\)) \(:=\{x\in B(\varepsilon)\); the trajectory of \(x\) is eventually strongly decreasing (resp. increasing)\}, \(B_ 0(\varepsilon):=B(\varepsilon)\backslash(B_ +(\varepsilon)\cup B_ - (\varepsilon))\), \(W_ 2(\varepsilon)\) is the local strongly stable invariant \(C^ 1\) manifold tangent at 0 to the subspace \(V_ 2\) in the Krein-Rutman decomposition for \(D\Phi_ 1(0)\). Standing hypothesis: 0 is an equilibrium for a \(C^ 1\) strongly monotone semiflow \(\Phi_ t\) such that \(D\Phi_ 1(0)\) is compact with spectral radius \(\varrho\leq 1\). Theorem 1. There exists \(\varepsilon>0\) such that \(B_ 0(\varepsilon)\subset W_ 2(\varepsilon)\) and \(B_ 0(\varepsilon)\) is nowhere dense in \(K(\varepsilon)\). Let be \(\Sigma_ +(\varepsilon):=\hbox{(resp. }\Sigma_ - (\varepsilon):=)\{x\in B(\varepsilon): \exists T>0\hbox{ such that }\Phi_ t(x)\gg 0\hbox{ (resp. }\Phi_ t(x)\ll 0)\hbox{ for all }t>T\}\), and \(\Sigma_ 0(\varepsilon):=B(\varepsilon)\backslash(\Sigma_ +(\varepsilon)\cup\Sigma_ -(\varepsilon))\). Theorem \(1'\). There exists an \(\varepsilon>0\) such that \(\Sigma_ 0(\varepsilon)\subset W_ 2(\varepsilon)\). Theorem 2. If the set \(X_ 0\) of points with precompact orbits is dense in \(K(\varepsilon)\) and for each \(x\in B(\varepsilon)\backslash\{0\}\) \(\inf\{\mu>0: \lim\inf_{t\to\infty}| \Phi_ t(x)|/\mu^ t=0\}>0\), then \(\Sigma_ 0(\varepsilon)=W_ 2(\varepsilon)\).