No label defined (Q3974670)

The author extends a theorem of Tarski on lattice fixed points for single-valued mappings to multi-valued mappings. Let \(L\) denote a lattice with the order relation \(\alpha\). The diameter \(\delta(A)\) of \(A\) is the length of the lattice interval \([\wedge A,\vee A]\) if \(\wedge A\) and \(\vee A\) (respectively meet and join) exist and if \(\delta(A)<\infty\) then \(\wedge A\) and \(\vee A\) are bounded. Let \(2^ L\) denote the set of all non-empty subsets \(A\) of \(L\) such that \(\delta(A)<\infty\). A multi-valued mapping \(F: L\to 2^ L\) is said to be isotone increasing if \(x,y\in L\), with \(x\alpha y\), \(x\neq y\), then \(F(x)\alpha F(y)\), where \(F(x)\alpha F(y)\) means \(a\alpha b\) for all \(a\in F(x)\) and \(b\in F(y)\). A point \(u\in L\) is said to be a fixed point of a multi-valued mapping \(F\) on \(L\) if \(u\in F(u)\). The main theorem of this paper is stated as: Theorem: Let \(L\) be a non-empty set with the order \(\alpha\) and let \(F: L\to 2^ L\) be a multi-valued mapping such that (i) \((L,\alpha)\) is a complete lattice, (ii) \(F(x)\) is closed for each \(x\in L\), (iii) \(F\) is isotone increasing on \(L\), w.r.t. some topology on \(L\), (iv) \(P=\{u\in L\): \(u\in F(u)\}\). Then \(P\) is non-empty and \((P,\alpha)\) is a complete lattice. Subsequently, the above theorem is applied in proving the existence of the elements of the extremal best approximation in ordered spaces. An existence theorem for extremal solutions of multi-valued differential equations in complete lattice is also proved.