Identities in the Lie algebra of vector fields on the real line (Q3978413)

The main topic of study in this paper is the algebraic structure of the Lie algebras of vector fields on finite-dimensional smooth manifolds. Denote by \(T_ k=T_ k(x_ 1,x_ 2,\dots,x_ k;y)\) the Lie polynomial \(\text{Alt(ad }x_ 1,\dots,\text{ad }x_ k)y\), where \(Alt\) denotes the alternating sum over all permutations of variables. It was discovered recently by the author himself that the nontrivial \(T_ 4\equiv 0\) is satisfied in the Lie algebra \(\text{vect}(\mathbb{R}^ 1)\). The importance of this Lie algebra for the contemporary Kac-Moody Lie theory and mathematical physics is tremendous, and this is why the following new concepts are justified. A Lie \(T_ 4\)-algebra is an object of the category of Lie algebras with \(k\) generators in which the identity \(T_ 4\equiv 0\) is satisfied, and morphisms are Lie algebra homomorphisms carrying generators to generators. By \(a(x_ 1,x_ 2,x_ 3)\) the operator \(\text{Alt(ad }x_ 1\text{ ad }x_ 2\text{ ad }x_ 3)\) is denoted. If \(M\) is a manifold and \(P\) a one-dimensional bundle on \(M\), the author denotes by \(A_ k\) the category of Lie algebras with \(k\) generators which can be realized as algebras of vector fields on \(M\) that are tangent to the fibres of \(P\), and morphisms are as above. The universal object of this category is denoted by \({\mathfrak h}_ k\). The following are the main results. Theorem 1. For any Lie \(T_ 4\)-algebra \(\mathfrak G\), the operators \(a(x_ 1,x_ 2,x_ 3)\in{\mathfrak G}\), generate a commutative subalgebra \(A({\mathfrak G})\) in \(\text{End}({\mathfrak G})\). Theorem 5. Any subalgebra in \({\mathfrak h}_ k\) generated by two linearly independent elements is isomorphic to \({\mathfrak h}_ 2\). The latter result is an analog of Shirshov's theorem on Lie subalgebras of free Lie algebras. Other theorems 2-4 establish the existence of more identities in Lie \(T_ 4\)-algebras.