On a Superlinear Ambrosetti-Prodi Problem in Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin Spaces (Q3978853)

Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^ n\) be a bounded connected domain with smooth boundary, \(B^ s_{p,q}(\Omega)\) and \(F^ s_{p,q}(\Omega)\) denote the Besov space and the Triebel-Lizorkin space in \(\Omega\) respectively, \(B^ s_{p,q,0}(\Omega)\) and \(F^ s_{p,q,0}(\Omega)\) denote the subspaces of these spaces consisting of functions with vanishing traces. The following theorem is proved. Theorem. Let \(0<p,q\leq\infty\), \(s>n/p\), \(\alpha>\max(1,s)\). Let \(f\in C^{\alpha+2}(\mathbb{R})\) satisfy the following conditions:\ (i) \(f(0)=0\),\ (ii) \(f''(t)>0\) for all \(t\in\mathbb{R}\),\ (iii) \(\lim_{t\to\infty}f'(t)=\ell''\), \(\lim_{t\to-\infty}f'(t)=\ell'\), \(0<\ell'<\mu_ 1<\ell''<\mu_ 2\), where \(\mu_ 1\), \(\mu_ 2\) are the first two eigenvalues of the following eigenvalue problem: \(\Delta v+\mu v=0\hbox{ on }\Omega\), \(v\mid_{\partial\Omega}=0\). Then for the solutions of the boundary value problem \[ \Delta u+f(u)=g\hbox{ on }\Omega,\qquad u\mid_{\partial\Omega}=0 \] the following assertion is valid. There exist a closed connected \(C^ 1\)- manifold \(M\) of codimension 1 in \(B^{s-2}_{p,q}(\Omega)\) such that \(B^{s-2}_{p,q}(\Omega)\backslash M\) consists of two connected components \(A_ 1\), \(A_ 2\) with the following properties: {(i) } if \(g\in A_ 1\) then the above problem has no solution in \(B^ s_{p,q,0}(\Omega)\), {(ii) } if \(g\in A_ 2\) then the above problem has exactly two solutions in \(B^ s_{p,q,0}(\Omega)\), {(iii) } if \(g\in M\) then the above problem has exactly one solution in \(B^ s_{p,q,0}(\Omega)\). A corresponding result holds also in the case of Triebel-Lizorkin spaces \(F^ s_{p,q}(\Omega)\).