On Density of Generalized Polynomials (Q3978872)

Let \(K: [a,b]\times[c,d]\to\mathbb{R}\) be continuous, and let \(\mathcal P\) denote the set of all generalized polynomials of the form \(\sum^ n_{j=1}c_ jK(x,t_ j)\), where \(n\geq 1\), \(t_ j\in[c,d]\), \(c_ j\in\mathbb{R}\). Suppose in addition that \(K\) has partial derivatives of all orders in \([a,b]\times[c,d]\). The kernel \(K\) is \(ETP(\infty)\) (extended totally positive of all orders) if for all \(n\geq 1\); \(a\leq s1\leq s_ 2\leq...\leq s_ n\leq b\); \(c\leq t_ 1\leq t_ 2\leq...\leq t_ n\leq d\), we have \[ \det\left[{\partial^{p_ i+m_ j}\over\partial s^{p_ i}\partial t^{m_ j}} K(s,t)\mid_{{s=s_ i\atop t=t_ j}}\right]^ n_{i,j=1}>0 \] with \(p_ i=i-\min\{k: s_ k=s_ i\}\), \(m_ j=j- \min\{k: t_ k=t_ j\}\). The main result is the following: ``Let \(0<a<b<\infty\) and let \(\{\lambda_ j\}^ \infty_{j=0}\subset(0,\infty)\) be all distinct. Let \(\{c_ j\}^ \infty_{j=0}\subset(0,\infty)\) and let \(K(x,t):=\sum^ \infty_{j=0}c_ j(xt)^{\lambda_ j}\) be convergent for \(x\), \(t\) in an open interval containing \([a,b]\). Then \(K\) is \(ETP(\infty)\), and the following are equivalent: (a) \(\mathcal P\) is dense in \(C[a,b]\); (b) We have \(\sum^ \infty_{j=0}{1\over 1+\lambda_ j}=\infty\).''.