Parameterizing tropical curves. I: Curves of genus zero and one (Q399376)

For a curve \(C\) in a toric variety, one can define a graph \(\Gamma(C)\) in a real vector space, called the tropicalization of \(C\). Graphs \(\Gamma\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\) obtained this way are called tropical curves. The properties of these graphs have been studied in the last decade by authors like Mikhalkin, Katz, Gathmann, Markwig, Payne, Shustin, Sturmfels and collaborators of these, among others. A main feature of these graphs is the zero--tension condition. A degree \(d\) and a genus \(\delta\) can be defined for such graphs. In this paper the following problem is addressed: given such a graph \(\Gamma\) with genus \(\delta=0\) or 1, when does it exist a curve \(C\) in a toric variety such that \(\Gamma\) is the tropicalization of \(C\), having the same genus and degree? In order to answer this question, the author uses methods of non-Archimedean analysis. In addition, a condition called well-spacedness is defined in the paper. Graphs \(\Gamma\) of genus 1 admit a lift \(C\), when this condition is satisfied. In the genus zero case, curves are described by parameterizations by rational functions. In the genus one case, curves are described by parameterizations by non-Archimedean elliptic functions. This paper arises from the author's Ph.D. dissertation, after some years of elaboration.