Thermodynamics of regular cosmological black holes with the de Sitter interior (Q400963)

Summary: We address the question of thermodynamics of regular cosmological spherically symmetric black holes with the de Sitter center. Space-time is asymptotically de Sitter as \(r\to 0\) and as \(r\to\infty\). A source term in the Einstein equations connects smoothly two de Sitter vacua with different values of cosmological constant: \(8\pi GT_\nu^\mu=\Lambda\delta_\nu^\mu\) as \(r\to 0\), \(8\pi GT_\nu^\mu=\lambda\delta_\nu^\mu\) as \(r\to\infty\) with \(\lambda<\Lambda\). It represents an anisotropic vacuum dark fluid defined by symmetry of its stress-energy tensor which is invariant under the radial boosts. In the range of the mass parameter \(M_{cr1}\leq M\leq M_{cr2}\) it describes a regular cosmological black hole. Space-time in this case has three horizons: a cosmological horizon \(r_c\), a black hole horizon \(r_b<r_c\), and an internal horizon \(r_a<r_b\), which is the cosmological horizon for an observer in the internal R-region asymptotically de Sitter as \(r\to 0\). We present the basicfeatures of space-time geometry and the detailed analysis of thermodynamics of horizons using the Padmanabhan approach relevant for a multi-horizon space-time with a non-zero pressure. We find that in a certain range of parameters \(M\) and \(q=\sqrt{\Lambda/\lambda}\) there exist a global temperature for an observer in the R-region between the black hole horizon \(r_b\) and cosmological horizon \(r_c\). We show that a second-order phase transition occurs in the course of evaporation, where a specific heat is broken and a temperature achieves its maximal value. Thermodynamical preference for a final point of evaporation is thermodynamically stable double-horizon \((r_a=r_b)\) remnant with the positive specific heat and zero temperature.