Chainability of inverse limits with a single irreducible function on [0, 1] (Q401326)
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English | Chainability of inverse limits with a single irreducible function on [0, 1] |
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Chainability of inverse limits with a single irreducible function on [0, 1] (English)
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26 August 2014
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In the paper [\textit{J. P. Kelly} and \textit{J. Meddaugh}, Topology Appl. 160, No. 13, 1720--1731 (2013; Zbl 1285.54025)] Kelly and Meddaugh introduced a method for constructing upper semi-continuous set-valued functions on the unit interval whose inverse limits are indecomposable continua. A year later, J.~P.~Kelly named these functions irreducible functions and generalized the above mentioned result in a way that they could be defined between any two irreducible continua. In this paper the author studies the inverse limits generated by inverse sequences on unit intervals \([0,1]\) with one irreducible function \(F: [0,1] \to 2^{[0,1]}\). For such inverse limits, denoted by \(\varprojlim F\), the author gives a complete characterization of chainability in terms of the graph of \(F\) and its values. More precisely, the author proves that the following claims are equivalent: (i) \(\varprojlim F\) is chainable. (ii) \(\Gamma_3 ' = \{(x_1,x_2,x_3) \in [0,1]\times[0,1] \times [0,1] \;: \;x_1 \in F(x_2), x_2 \in F(x_3) \}\) is chainable. (iii) The graph of \(F\) does not contain a simple closed curve, and \(F(0), F(1) \in \{ \{0\}, \{1\}, [0, 1]\}\). In the last section, the author give us several examples of irreducible functions. Amongst others, an example which shows that if an irreducible function contains a simple closed curve then the corresponding inverse limit also contains a simple closed curve. Also he gives us an example of an irreducible function \(F\), where \(F(0), F(1) \notin \{ \{0\}, \{1\}, [0, 1]\}\), and shows that the corresponding inverse limit contains a simple triod.
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inverse limits
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upper semi-continuous
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chainable
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irreducible
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