Radical extensions for the Carlitz module (Q401727)

Given a field extension \(L/K\), let \(\mathrm{Cog}(L/K)\) be the cogalois group defined as the torsion subgroup of the quotient group \(L^*/K^*\) of the multiplicative groups of the fields \(L\) and \(K\). This object was firstly defined by \textit{C. Greither} and \textit{D. K. Harrison} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 43, 257--270 (1986; Zbl 0607.12015)] in order to introduce (in some sense) a dual theory to the classical Galois theory of fields, especially for radical extensions. In this article under review, the authors consider an extension \(L/K\) of function fields over a finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\) and give a new definition of radical extension in the sense of the action of the Carlitz module \(C:\mathbb{F}_q[T]\to\text{End}_{\mathbb{F}_q}{\overline{\mathbb{F}_q(T)}}\) given by \(T\mapsto \varphi+\mu_T\), where \(\varphi\) is the Frobenius homomorphism on \(\overline{\mathbb{F}_q(T)}\) given by \(u\mapsto u^q\) and \(\mu_T\) is the automorphism of \(\overline{\mathbb{F}_q(T)}\) given by \(\mu_T(u)=Tu\). In this way \(\overline{\mathbb{F}_q(T)}\) becomes an \(\mathbb{F}_q[T]\)-module, so, if \(M\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]\) and \(u\in\overline{\mathbb{F}_q(T)}\), \(C_M(u)\doteqdot M(\varphi+\mu_T)(u)\). In this setting, the torsion group of the Carlitz action is defined as \(T(L/K)=\{u\in L \mid C_M(u)\in K, \text{ for some }M\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]\}\), which is now an additive subgroup of \(L\). Therefore, the cogalois group \(\mathrm{cog}(L/K)\) of \(L/K\) is now \(T(L/K)/K\). An extension \(L/K\) is called: 1) radical, if \(L\) is generated over \(K\) by a subset \(A\) of \(T(L/K)\); 2) pure, if for every irreducible polynomial monic polynomial \(M\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]\) and each \(u\in L\) such that \(C_M(u)=0\), we have \(u\in K\); 3) pure coradical if it is radical, separable and pure. Some examples of extensions of function fields of these kinds are given and the main properties are pointed out. The main results are contained in section 6, where it is proved that a finite extension \(L/K\) of function fields is pure coradical if and only if it is separable, radical and a \(p\)-extension, where \(p=\text{char}(K)\). In section 7 further applications and examples are given and in section 8 an upper bound for the cogalois group of a pure coradical extension is obtained. The differences with the results obtained by Greither and Harrison are pointed out in the last sections.