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The main result of the book consist in (1) the identification and analysis of those categories of parallelism which are far beyond the ones typically associated with PROLOG (namely AND- and OR-parallelism), and (2) the derivation of MMLOP logic-based language suitable both for the specification of parallel problems and the parallel evaluation of logic programs. Organization and contents of the book: Chapters 1 and 2 overview some necessary foundations from the perspective of the two basic standpoints in the book: logic (\textit{W. Bibel's} Connection method [J. Autom. Reasoning 6, No. 3, 287-297 (1990; Zbl 0702.68091)], its specialized variant called model elimination, and the logic programming language LOP), and parallelism (the parallel specification language UNITY). Chapter 3 discusses the state of the art in the field of parallel logic systems: the languages used for programming, the computational models applied to language evaluation, the abstract machines to execute and code during the evaluation, and the hardware for implementing the systems. Chapter 4 investigates various parallelism categories, with their grains, and their formal specification in the UNITY language. Chapter 5 exposes the parallel logic language MMLOP, having two major sources of parallelism: the problem-induced and the execution-oriented one. MMLOP expresses parallelism constructs of two main classes: modules and meta- evaluation. These are the underlying notions for the MMLOP computational model, described in Chapter 6. Implications of the particular computational model called spanning setters (coming from spanning sets met in connection method) are investigated on three classes of hardware architectures in Chapter 7. Conclusions are summarized in Chapter 8, the book ending with a rich bibliography of 483 basic titles.