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The purpose of this book is to explore the potential applications of chaos theory to reveal insights into structure and the dynamics of complex systems. Because complexity transcends the boundaries of traditional disciplines, the text covers not only nonlinear dynamics. The author discusses also nonequilibrium thermodynamics, information theory, and fractal geometry. The material is presented at an introductory level for a broader audience. Chaos theory is considered together with the study of complexity because of nonequilibrium, nonlinearity, and unpredictability (which are major characteristics of complex systems). Following a brief review of complexity in Chapters 1 and 2, the anatomy of systems and structures is discussed in Chapter 3. Attractors, rapid growth, logistic curve, and discrete logistic equation are presented in Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7. The remaining chapters (i.e., Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11) are on: different personalities of entropy, dimensions and scaling, gallery of monsters, and diagnostics and control of chaos. The last section of the book, Chapter 12, contains discussion topics which might be the subject of erudite theses, doctoral dissertations, or even research proposals. There are also an index of names and a subject index. This is an excellent book for both beginners and professionals experienced in the field. Particularly outstanding is the author's exposure of the diagnostics and control of chaos. This material complements and adds valuable clarifying details to the classical literature.