An Analytic Family of Solutions of the Heat Equation (Q4024883)

The author considers the classical heat equation \(D_tu(x,t)=D^2_x u(x,t)\) and its solutions \(u(x,t)\), said to be homogeneous of degree \(\alpha\) if \(u(\lambda x,\lambda^2t)=\lambda^\alpha u(x,t)\) for all \(\lambda>0\). She considers the heat polynomials \(v_n(x,t)\), homogeneous of degree \(n\), and their associated functions \(w_n(x,t)\), homogeneous of degree \(-n-1\), introduced by \textit{P. C. Rosenbloom} and \textit{D. V. Widder} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 92, 220--266 (1959; Zbl 0086.27203)], where \[ v_n(x,t)= n!\sum^{[n/2]}_0 \frac{t^kx^{n-2k}} {k!(n-2k)!} \text{ and }w_n(x,t)=\frac1{\sqrt{4\pi t}}e^{-x^2/4t} v_n\left(\frac{x}{t},-\frac1{t}\right). \] She notes that, for \(t>0\), the functions \(Hw_n(x,t)\), the Hilbert transforms of the \(w_n\) with respect to the first variable, are also temperatures of the same homogeneity as the \(w_n\) but linearly independent of them. She then establishes that the sequences \((v_n)\) and \((w_n+iHw_n(x,t))\) are parts of an entire familiy of homogeneous temperatures for \(t>0\), analogous to the case of analytic functions where the sequence \((z^n)\) can be considered as a part of the analytic family of functions \(z^\alpha\).