Gamma—rings and multiplications on abelian groups (Q4029210)

\(\Gamma\)-rings in the sense of \textit{W. E. Barnes} are considered [Pac. J. Math. 18, 411-422 (1966; Zbl 0161.033)]. A multiplication on an abelian group \(M\) is a mapping \(\mu: M\times M\to M\) such that \(\mu(x,y+z)= \mu(x,y)+\mu(x,z)\) and \(\mu(x+y,z)=\mu(x,z)+ \mu(y,z)\) \(\forall x,y,z\in M\). The set \(\text{Mult}(M)\) of all multiplications on \(M\) is an abelian group with pointwise addition. A subset \(\Gamma\) of \(\text{Mult}(M)\) satisfies the generalized associative property (GAP) if \(\gamma(x,\mu(y,z))= \mu(\gamma(x,y),z)\) \(\forall \gamma,\mu\in\Gamma\), \(x,y,z\in M\). It is shown that if \(\Gamma\) is a subset of \(\text{Mult}(M)\) maximal with respect to the GAP, then \(M\) is a \(\Gamma\)- ring. Moreover, if \(\Gamma\subseteq \text{Mult}(M)\) then \(M\) is a \(\Gamma\)-ring iff there exists a group homomorphism \(f:\Gamma\to \text{Mult}(M)\) such that \(f(\Gamma)\) satisfies the GAP. A \(\Gamma\)-ring \(M\) satisfies the Nobusawa condition (NC) if \(x\gamma y= x\mu y\) \(\forall x,y\in M\) implies \(\gamma=\mu\). Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for \(M\) to satisfy the NC, and it is shown that every \(\Gamma\)-ring \(M\) satisfies the NC for some choice of \(\Gamma\). \(\Gamma\)-rings satisfying the NC on a cyclic group \(M\) are studied. It turns out that such \(\Gamma\)-rings are possible if and only if \(\Gamma\) is isomorphic to a subgroup of \(M\). Next, \(\Gamma\)-rings on a direct sum of cyclic groups are considered. Various results are proved. In particular, a notion of orthogonal multiplications is defined, and it is shown that for \(M\) a direct sum of cyclic groups and \(\Gamma\) an abelian group, \(M\) is \(\Gamma\)-ring if and only if there exists a group homomorphism \(g:\Gamma\to {\mathcal U}_ M\). (\({\mathcal U}_ M\) denotes the subgroup of \(\text{Mult}(M)\) which consists of all the orthogonal multiplications).