Cocharacter sequences are holonomic. (Q403596)

A function \(f(x)\) is holonomic if it satisfies a homogeneous linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients. A sequence \(c_0,c_1,c_2,\ldots\) is holonomic if its generating function \(c_0+c_1x+c_2x^2+\cdots\) is holonomic. Equivalently, the sequence is holonomic if there exist rational functions \(q_1(x),\ldots,q_m(x)\) such that \(c_n=c_{n-1}q_1(n)+\cdots+c_{n-m}q_m(n)\), \(n\geq m\). In the paper under review the author proves that for any PI-algebra \(A\) over a field of characteristic 0 the codimension sequence \(c_n(A)\) is holonomic. The proof is based on three facts: The theorem of \textit{A. Regev} and \textit{S. A. Amitsur} [J. Algebra 78, 248-254 (1982; Zbl 0495.16014)] (proved also in another form by Kemer) that the Young diagrams of the irreducible \(S_n\)-characters \(\chi_\lambda\) participating with nonzero multiplicities \(m_\lambda(A)\) in the cocharacter sequence of \(A\) are in a strip; the theorem of the author [Adv. Appl. Math. 41, No. 1, 52-75 (2008; Zbl 1145.05052)] that the double Poincaré series \[ P_{k,\ell}=\sum m_\lambda(A)HS_\lambda(x_1,\ldots,x_k;y_1,\ldots,y_\ell), \] where \(HS_\lambda\) are the hook Schur functions is a rational function of a very special type; the combinatorial theory of holonomic sequences developed by \textit{D. Zeilberger} [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 32, No. 3, 321-368 (1990; Zbl 0738.33001)].