The 17-th Hilbert problem for noncompact real analytic manifolds (Q4037358)

Let \(Q\) be a real analytic paracompact manifold, \(A\) the ring of real analytic functions on \(Q\) and \(M\) its quotient field. The author deals with the Artin-Lang property: given \(f_ 1,\ldots,f_ k\in A\) such that for every \(x\in Q\) there exists \(i\) such that \(f_ i(x)\geq 0\) then at least one of the functions is not negative in every ordering on \(M\). The main result is the following: the Artin-Lang property holds if \(\cap_{i=1}^ kf_ i^{-1} \bigl( (-\infty,0] \bigr)\) is compact. As a consequence a solution of the 17th Hilbert problem is given: a positive function of \(A\) such that its zero set is a union of a discrete set and a compact set is a sum of squares of functions of \(M\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0756.00007].