A bound on the degrees for the effective real Nullstellensatz (Q4037362)

[For the entire collection see Zbl 0756.00007.] The following important result in semialgebraic geometry was proved by \textit{G. Stengle} [Math. Ann. 207, 87-97 (1974; Zbl 0253.14001)]: If \(K\) is an ordered field with real closure \(R\), \(f\), \(f_ 1,\ldots,f_ p\) are polynomials in \(n\) variables over \(K\) and \(f\) takes positive values on those points of \(R^ n\) on which \(f_ 1,\ldots,f_ p\) are, simultaneously, nonnegative then \(f\cdot\sum^ p_{j=1}f_ j\cdot\sum^{n_ j}_{i=1}g^ 2_{ij}=1+\sum^ p_{j=1}f_ j\sum^{m_ j} _{i=1}g^ 2_{ij}\) for some natural numbers \(n_ j\), \(m_ j\) and polynomials \(g_{ij}\), \(h_{ij}\) over \(K\). -- The goal of this paper is to get upper bounds for the numbers \(n_ j\), \(m_ j\) and the degrees of the occuring polynomials \(g_{ij}, h_{ij}\) in terms of the numbers \(p,n\) and the degrees of the ``input'' polynomials \(f\), \(f_ 1,\ldots,f_ p\). For example, if \(d\) is the maximum of these degrees, and \(D=\max\{\text{degrees of }g_{ij},h_{ij}\}\), it is proved that \(D\leq 2^{2^{\vdots^{d.\lg(d)+\lg(\lg p)+c}}}\) for a constant \(c\). This is in fact the main result although it is (very well) written, in a more general ``cadre''. The proofs are essentially based on Hörmander's proof of the Tarski-Seidenberg theorem [\textit{L. Hörmander}, ``The analysis of linear partial differential operators. II: Differential operators with constant coefficients'' (1983; Zbl 0521.35002); p. 364-367] and four previous papers of the author on the theme. The same kind of problem, concerning Hilbert's Nullstellensatz for algebraically closed fields was studied among others by \textit{J. Kollár} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 1, No. 4, 963-975 (1988; Zbl 0682.14001)].