No label defined (Q4039258)

Set \(k=r-1\) and let \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) be the roots of \(x^ 2-Px+Q=0\), the associated auxiliary equation of the recurrence relation \(u_ n=Pu_{n-1}- Qu_{n-2}\), \(n\geq 2\), with initial conditions \(u_ 0=1\) and \(u_ 1=P\). Following \textit{L. Carlitz} [Fibonacci Q. 3, 81-89 (1965; Zbl 0125.282)], the authors define and study the sequences of numbers \(f_ n^{(r)}= (\alpha^{nk+k}- \beta^{nk+k})/(\alpha^ k- \beta^ k)\) and \(g_ n^{(r)}= (\alpha^{n+k}- \beta^{n+k})/ (\alpha^ k- \beta^ k)\), which are not necessarily integers. Among other results, they establish that \[ f_ n^{(r)}= \sum_{0\leq m+s\leq n} {m \choose s} {{n-m} \choose s} u^{m-2}_{k-2} u^{2s}_{k-1} u_ k^{n-m-s} p^ m. \]