Algebraic Cycles and the Hodge Structure of a Kuga Fiber Variety (Q4039355)

Let \(\widetilde A\) denote a smooth compactification of the \(k\)-fold fiber product of the universal family \hbox {\(A^ 1 \to M\)} of elliptic curves with level \(N\) structure. The purpose of this paper is to completely describe the algebraic cycles in and the Hodge structure of the Betti cohomology \(H^* (\widetilde {A}, \mathbb{Q})\) of \(\widetilde A\). For by doing so we are able (a) to verify both the usual and generalized Hodge conjectures for \(\widetilde A\); (b) to describe both the kernel and the image of the Abel-Jacobi map from algebraic cycles algebraically equivalent to zero (modulo rational equivalence) into the Griffiths intermediate Jacobian; and (c) to verify Tate's conjecture concerning the algebraic cycles in \(H_{\text{et}}^* (\widetilde {A}\otimes \overline {\mathbb{Q}}, \mathbb{Q}_ \ell)\), the étale cohomology. The methods used lead also to a complete description of the Hodge structure of the Betti cohomology \(H^*(E^ k, \mathbb{Q})\) of the \(k\)-fold product of an elliptic curve \(E\) without complex multiplication, and a verification of the generalized Hodge conjecture for \(E^ k\). The main result concerning \(H^*(E^ k, \mathbb{Q})\) is that as a rational Hodge structure it is the direct sum of a number of rational sub-Hodge structures which in turn are products of irreducible rational Hodge structures of type \(\{(\nu,0)\), \((\nu - 1,1), \dots, (0, \nu)\}\) with one of type \(\{(\mu, \mu)\}\), where the product is actually realized by the cup product in \(H^* (E^ k, \mathbb{Q})\), and \(2\mu + \nu = m\). The major ingredients of the proof are that the special Mumford-Tate group, or Hodge group, of \(E\) is \(\text{SL}_ 2\), that the \(\text{SL}_ 2\)- invariant subspaces of \(H^* (E^ k),\mathbb{Q})\) are precisely the rational sub-Hodge structures, that these subspaces can be determined by classical invariant theory, and that by the usual Hodge conjecture, the one- dimensional invariants are all algebraic cycles. The main result concerning \(H^* (\widetilde{A}, \mathbb{Q})\) is that as a rational Hodge structure it is a direct sum of sub-Hodge structures which are products of algebraic cycles with irreducible sub-Hodge structures of type \(\{(\nu,0)\) \((0, \nu)\}\). Moreover, the proof shows that there are three kinds of classes which generate \(H^* (\widetilde{A}, \mathbb{Q})\) as an algebra: (i) divisors in \(\widetilde A\) which are the closures in \(\widetilde A\) of divisors in a generic fiber \(A_ \eta\); (ii) the classes of algebraic cycles contained in the compactifying divisor at infinity; and (iii) classes which correspond to holomorphic cusp forms on \(\Gamma (N)\) and their complex conjugates. As a result, strong forms of both the usual and generalized Hodge conjectures are true for \(\widetilde A\): all of \(H^{d,d} (\widetilde A)\) is spanned (over \(\mathbb{C})\) by algebraic cycles; and the coniveau filtration is exactly equal to the Hodge filtration intersected with rational cohomology. Then Tate's conjecture follows immediately from this strong form of the usual Hodge conjecture and the main theorem of \(p\)-adic Hodge theory, while the validity of the generalized Hodge conjecture for \(\widetilde A\) implies that Abel-Jacobi equivalence and incidence equivalence are isogenous on algebraic cycles algebraically equivalent to zero.