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This book contains a description of the basic results of the author's investigations on asymptotic methods for solving a large class of problems in physics, mechanics, and informatics. Perturbation theory may be considered independently also as an instrument, applied for making precise and for establishing asymptotic formulae. A lot of examples in this book permit the reader to recognize the great possibilities of asymptotic methods which are shown in their close connection with characteristic properties and a specification of the considered problem. The author was awarded with Lenin's medal due to this work in 1986. This book is intended for specialists in the fields of mathematics, physics, mechanics as well as for senior students and graduate students. The bibliography amounts to 152 papers. Contents: Part I: Perturbation theory. Ch. 1. Behavior of eigenfunctions at infinity and perturbation theory for equations with operator coefficients. Ch. 2. Strong convergence of solutions of operator equations. Ch. 3. Perturbations of one-parameter semigroups of operators and perturbations of evolution equations. Ch. 4. Weak convergence of operators. Part II. Theory of characteristics in the large and asymptotical methods in theory of differential equations with operator coefficients. Ch. 1. Statement of a problem. Ch. 2. A canonical operator. Ch. 3. Asymptotics of solutions of partial differential equations. Ch. 4. Equations with operator coefficients. Ch. 5. Characteristic representation in the small for wave equations. Ch. 6. Asymptotics in the small of partial differential operator equations. Ch. 7. Asymptotics in the large of solutions of abstract equations. Ch. 8. Quasiclassical formulae for global solutions of equations of quantum mechanics. Ch. 9. Asymptotics of solutions of equations of tunnel type. Supplement. Asymptotics of the solution of Cauchy problem for evolution equations with fast-decreasing initial values.