Finite \(p\)-groups of exponent \(p^e\) all of whose cyclic subgroups of order \(p^e\) are normal. (Q404244)

Let \(G\) be a finite nonabelian \(p\)-group of exponent \(p^e>p\) all of whose cyclic subgroups of order \(p^e\) are normal. Write \(G_0=\langle x\in G\mid o(x)=p^e\rangle\). If \(p>2\), then \(G_0=G\), \(\text{cl}(G)=2\) and \(G'\) is cyclic. If \(p=2\), then \(|G:G_0|\leq 2\), and in case \(|G:G_0|=2\) the structure of \(G\) is more complicated; next only this case is considered. If \(e=2\), then the corresponding groups are determined up to isomorphism; in particular, \(G_0\), being the Hughes subgroup of \(G\), is abelian. The case \(e=3\) is treated separately. The case when \(e\geq 4\) and all cyclic subgroups of order \(2^e\) are \(G\)-invariant, is described in detail. In Theorem 1, which is of independent interest, the nonabelian \(p\)-groups \(G\) of exponent \(p^e\), all of whose cyclic subgroups of order \(p^e\) are normal, are characterized.