Markov complexity of monomial curves (Q404574)

Let \(A:=\{{\mathbf a_1},\dots, {\mathbf a_n}\}\subset {\mathbb N}^m \). This paper concerns the study of the Markov basis of a toric ideal \(I_A\) associated to \(A\). A minimal Markov basis of the toric ideal \(I_A\), is a set of vectors \({\mathbf u_1},\dots,{\mathbf u_s}\in {\mathbb Z}^n\) such that \({\mathbf x}^{{\mathbf u_1}^+}-{\mathbf x}^{{\mathbf u_1}^-}, ,\dots, {\mathbf x}^{{\mathbf u_s}^+}-{\mathbf x}^{{\mathbf u_s}^-}\) is a minimal basis of the ideal \(I_A\), where \({\mathbf u_i}={\mathbf u_i}^+-{\mathbf u_i}^-\), both \({\mathbf u_i}^+,{\mathbf u_i}^-\) have non-negative components. The universal Markov basis of \(I_A\) is the union of all minimal Markov basis of \(I_A\). The first result in this paper is an algebraic characterization of the universal Markov basis of \(I_A\). The second result consists in the study of Markov basis for the toric ideal \(I_A^{((r))}\) associated to the \(r\)-Lawrence lift of \(A\) in the case of an affine monomial curve in \(K^3\). Recall that the Markov basis of a codimension two simplicial toric variety is well-known, but study Markov basis for the toric ideal \(I_A^{((r))}\) is a difficult problem.