Arithmetic Veech sublattices of SL\((2,\mathbf {Z})\) (Q408110)

A Teichmüller curve in the moduli space \(\mathcal{M}_{g,[n]}\) of genus \(g\) Riemann surfaces with \(n\) punctures \(S_{g,n}\) is a holomorphic curve \(f: C\to \mathcal{M}_{g,[n]}\) which is generically one-to-one and a local isometry with respect to the Kobayashi metric. In 2009, \textit{C. T. McMullen} [Math. Res. Lett. 16, No. 4, 647--649 (2009; Zbl 1187.32010)] has proved that every Teichmüller curve has a model as an algebraic curve over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\); in this paper the authors prove that, conversely, every algebraic curve over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\) is birationally equivalent over \(\mathbb{C}\) to a Teichmüller curve (that can even be chosen in \(\mathcal{M}_{g'}\) for \(g'\) large enough, where \(\mathcal{M}_{g'}\) is the moduli space of genus \(g'\) Riemann surfaces with no punctures). This result is a consequence of the main (group-theoretical) theorem of this paper. A Veech group is the stabilizer in the mapping class group \(\mathrm{Mod}(S_{1,1})\cong SL(2,\mathbb{Z})\) of the conjugacy class of a finite-index subgroup in the fundamental group of~\(S_{1,1}\), the torus with one puncture. Then the authors prove that every finite-index subgroup of the level 2 principal congruence subgroup \(\Gamma(2)\subset SL(2,\mathbb{Z})\) containing \(\{\pm1\}\) is a Veech group.