Free biholomorphic functions and operator model theory (Q408148)

Let \(f=(f_1,\dots,f_n)\) be an \(n\)-tuple of formal power series in noncommutative indeterminates \(Z_1,\dots,Z_n\). It is assumed that \(f\) has the model property, i.e., \(f\) is an \(n\)-tuple of noncommutative polynomials, formal power series with \(f(0)=0\) or free holomorphic functions which satisfies a number of ``natural'' conditions. Extending several results concerning the noncommutative multivariable operator theory on the unit ball of \(B({\mathcal H})^n\) (where \(B({\mathcal H})\) is the algebra of all bounded linear operators acting on a Hilbert space \(\mathcal H\)), the author develops in the paper under review an operator model theory and a dilation theory on a noncommutative domain \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\), defined as the set of all systems \(X\in B(\mathcal{H})^n\) such that \(g(f(X))=X\) and \(\|f(X)\|\leq 1\), where \(g\) is the inverse power series of \(f\), \(f(X)\) is an appropriate evaluation in \(X\) and \(g(f(X))\) is constructed using the functional calculus for row contractions. We present in the following some of the most important results. The first observation is that \(\mathbb{B}_f\) has a universal model \((M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n})\) of multiplication operators acting on a Hilbert space \(\mathbb{H}^2(f)\) of formal power series. It is then shown that an \(n\)-tuple \(T\) in \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) has a minimal dilation which is unique up to an isomorphism if \(rf\) has the model property for any \(r\) in a certain interval \((\delta,1]\subset(0,1]\) and provided that \((M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n})\) is in the set of norm convergence of \(f\). The noncommutative domain algebra \(\mathcal{A}(\mathbb{B}_f)\) is introduced as the norm closure of all polynomials in \(M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n}\) and the identity. The set of all characters of this algebra is proved to be homeomorphic with \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathbb{C})\). A Beurling type characterization [\textit{A. Beurling}, Acta Math., Uppsala 81, 239--255 (1949; Zbl 0033.37701)] of the joint invariant subspaces under \(M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n}\) is proposed. As a completion of the theorem presented above, the minimal dilation for every given pure \(n\)-tuple of operators in \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) is precisely described. The structure of the noncommutative Hardy algebra \(H^\infty(\mathbb{B}_f)\), defined as the WOT-closure of all noncommutative polynomials in \(M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n}\) and the identity, is presented. It is shown, in particular, that this algebra coincides with the algebra of bounded left multipliers of \(\mathbb{H}^2(f)\). The eigenvectors for \(M_{Z_1}^*,\dots,M_{Z_n}^*\) are then identified as the noncommutative Poisson kernels \(\Gamma_\lambda:=\Bigl(1-\sum_{i=1}^n|f_i(\lambda)|^2\Bigr)^{1/2}\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb{F}_n^+}[\overline{f(\lambda)}]_\alpha f_\alpha\), where \(\lambda\in\mathbb{C}^n\) verifies the conditions \(g(f(\lambda))=\lambda\) and \(\|f(\lambda)\|<1\), while the index \(\alpha\) varies through the free semigroup \(\mathbb{F}_n^+\) with \(n\) generators. The notion of characteristic function (introduced by the author in [J. Oper. Theory 22, No. 1, 51--71 (1989; Zbl 0703.47009)] for row contractions; cf. \textit{B. Sz.-Nagy} and \textit{C. Foiaş} [Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; Amsterdam-London: North-Holland Publishing Company (1970; Zbl 0201.45003)] for the single operator case) is extended for \(n\)-tuples \(T\in\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\). A model for pure \(n\)-tuples of operators in \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) is obtained in terms of the characteristic function which, in this situation, is isometric. The property of the characteristic function to be a complete unitary invariant for pure \(n\)-tuples of operators still holds true in this generalized context. Using some ideas from his paper [Adv. Math. 158, No. 2, 264--309 (2001; Zbl 1002.46029)], the author introduces the curvature invariant on the noncommutative domain \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) and proves, for this notion, an index type formula in terms of the characteristic function. He also shows that the curvature is a complete numerical invariant for the finite rank submodules of the \(\mathbb{B}_f\)-Hilbert module \(\mathbb{H}^2(f)\otimes\mathcal{K}\), where \(\mathcal{K}\) is finite-dimensional. The last section presents a commutant lifting theorem of Sarason type for pure \(n\)-tuples \(T\in\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\). The Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem is also solved in these generalized settings. We finally note that the results of the paper under review allow commutative versions.