On the equivariant algebraic Jacobian for curves of genus two (Q408222)

The Jacobian of a non-singular, compact Riemann surface is the group \(\mathrm{Pic}^{0}\) of divisors of degree zero factored out by principal divisors. As such, \(g\) being the genus of \(C,\) the Jacobian is \({\mathbb{C}}^{g}/\Lambda,\) \(\Lambda\) being the \(g-\)dimensional lattice of periods. In this case of the genus 2 (hyperelliptic) surface, there are coordinates \(x: C \rightarrow {\mathbb{P}}^{1}\) and \(y: C \rightarrow {\mathbb{P}}^{1}\) with poles of orders 2 and 5 respectively which satisfy a relation of the form \[ y^{2} = 4x^{5} + \lambda_{4} x^{4} + \lambda_{3} x^{3} + \lambda_{2} x^{2} + \lambda_{1} x + \lambda_{0}, \] the \(\lambda_{i}\) being constants in the ground field. Functions associated with more general special divisors provide us with other models. Such models are related by birational transformations. Thus we will be concerned with (singular) models of the genus 2 curve in the form \[ y^{2} = g_{6} x^{6} + 6 g_{5} x^{5} + 15 g_{4} x^{4} + 20 g_{3} x^{3} + 15 g_{2} x^{2} + 6 g_{1} x + g_{0}, \] which are related amongst themselves and to the quintic by simple Moebius maps. If \(\mathrm{Pic}^{0}\) is identified with \(\mathrm{Pic}^{2}\) and \(\mathrm{Jac}(C)\) is constructed as a quadric variety in \({\mathbb{P}}^{15},\) the locus of seventy two linearly independent quadratic identities. Sixteen homogeneous coordinates on \({\mathbb{P}}^{15}\) are chosen to be symmetric functions in two points on the curve. The purpose of the current paper is to use a little representation theory to oil the wheels of this machinery and to uncover some structure intrinsic to the collection of quadratic identities. The idea is that the coordinates on \(\mathrm{Jac}(C)\) can be chosen to belong to irreducible \(G-\)modules where \(G\) is a group of birational transformations. Quadratic functions arise by tensoring up these modules and decomposing into irreducibles. Next he is presenting the Lie algebraic action of the coordinate transformations on the variables and the coefficients of the curve and define the construction of a highest weight element that use for a component of the decomposition. Thus author present a treatment of the algebraic description of the Jacobian of a general genus two plane curve which exploits an \(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(k)\) equivariance and clarifies the structure of Flynn's 72 defining quadratic relations. The treatment is also applied to the Kummer variety.