Monotony of solutions of some difference and differential equations (Q414669)

The authors mainly study the equation \[ x_{k+N}=a_1x_k+a_2x_{k-1}+\cdots+a_Nx_{k+N-1},\;\;k=0,1,\dots \] with \(N\geq 1\) and \(a_1,\dots,a_N\) are arbitrary real numbers. They prove that there exists a strictly monotone solution if and only if the characteristic polynomial possesses either a positive root \(\mu\neq1\) or \(\mu\) is a root whose multiplicity is at least two. The sufficiency is straightforward. The necessity part is obtained as a consequence of another more general theorem they achieved about a completely continuous operator in a Banach space. They also discuss the analog of the main theorem for the differential case. In the last section of the paper, the authors extend their results into some semigroups of linear operators. This paper provides some import results on the monotony of solutions of the given difference and corresponding differential equations. It will be of interest to anyone who is studying these equations.