Direct limit topologies in the categories of topological groups and of uniform spaces (Q415291)

For a given tower of topological groups \(G_{0}\subset G_{1}\subset G_{2}\subset\dots\), the authors define four topologies \(\overset{\rightarrow}{\tau}, \overset{\leftarrow}{\tau}, \overset{\leftrightarrow}{\tau}\) and \(\overset{\rightleftharpoons}{\tau}\) on the group \(G= \bigcup_{n\in \omega}G_{n}\), which are generated by the bases: \[ \overset{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} = \{(\overrightarrow{\prod_{n\in\omega}} U_{n}).x ; x\in G, (U_{n})_{n\in \omega}\in \prod_{n\in \omega} \mathcal{B}_{n} \}, \] \[ \overset{\leftarrow}{\mathcal{B}} = \{x . (\overleftarrow{\prod_{n\in \omega}}U_{n}) ; x\in G, (U_{n})_{n\in \omega}\in \prod_{n\in \omega} \mathcal{B}_{n} \}, \] \[ \overset{\leftrightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} = \{x . (\overleftrightarrow{\prod_{n\in \omega}}U_{n}) . y ; x,y\in G, (U_{n})_{n\in \omega}\in \prod_{n\in \omega} \mathcal{B}_{n} \}, \] \[ \overset{\rightleftharpoons}{\mathcal{B}} = \{x . (\overleftarrow{\prod_{n\in \omega}}U_{n})\cap (\overrightarrow{\prod_{n\in \omega}}U_{n}). y ; x,y\in G, (U_{n})_{n\in \omega}\in \prod_{n\in \omega} \mathcal{B}_{n} \}, \] where \(w=\{0,1,2,\dots\}\) stands for the set of finite ordinals. \({\overset{\rightarrow}{G}, \overset{\leftarrow}{G}, \overset{\leftrightarrow}{G}}\) and \(\overset{\rightleftharpoons}{G}\) denote the group \(G\) endowed with the topologies \({\overset{\rightarrow}{\tau}, \overset{\leftarrow}{\tau}, \overset{\leftrightarrow}{\tau}}\) and \(\overset{\rightleftharpoons}{\tau}\), respectively. In this paper, the authors show that, under certain conditions on a tower of topological groups \((G_{n})_{n\in w}\), the topology of the direct limit \(g-\underrightarrow{\lim}G_{n}\) coincides with one (or all) of the topologies \({\overset{\rightarrow}{\tau}, \overset{\leftarrow}{\tau}, \overset{\leftrightarrow}{\tau}}\) or \(\overset{\rightleftharpoons}{\tau}\) on the group \(G= \bigcup_{n\in \omega}G_{n}\). Moreover, the authors discuss the implications of PTA, the Passing Through Assumption, which was introduced by \textit{N. Tatsuuma, H. Shimomura} and \textit{T. Hirai} in [J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 38, No. 3, 551--578 (1998; Zbl 0930.22002)]. Then, they give the definition of balanced property for a tower of topological groups \((G_{n})_{n\in w}\) and they show that if a tower of topological groups \((G_{n})_{n\in w}\) is balanced, then a semitopological group \({\overset{\rightarrow}{G}}\) is a topological group. They also introduce the bi-balanced property of a tower \((G_{n})\), which is weaker than the balanced property and implies that the semitopological group \({\overset{\leftrightarrow}{G}}\) is a topological group. They present an example of a tower of topological groups \((G_{n})_{n\in w}\) that is balanced but does not satisfy PTA and they also present an example of a tower \((G_{n})_{n\in w}\) that satisfies PTA but is not bi-balanced. Furthermore, the authors discuss the notion of direct limit in the category of uniform spaces and their uniformly continuous maps, and they show that for a tower \((G_{n})_{n\in w}\) of topological groups the topologies \({\overset{\rightarrow}{\tau}}\) and \({\overset{\leftarrow}{\tau}}\) on the union \(G= {\bigcup_{n\in \omega}G_{n}}\) are generated by uniformities of direct limits of the groups \((G_{n})\) endowed with the left and right uniformities.