On the topological center of a Banach algebra related to a foundation topological semigroup (Q415525)

Throughout this review \(\mathcal{S}\) will always be a locally compact semigroup. We define \(\mathcal{S}\) to be \textit{compactly cancellative} if the sets \[ C^{-1}D = \{ x\in \mathcal{S} \mid cx=d \text{ for some } c\in C, d \in D \}, \] \[ CD^{-1} = \{ x \in \mathcal{S} \mid xd = c \text{ for some } c \in C, d \in D \}, \] are compact subsets of \(\mathcal{S}\) for all compact subsets \(C\) and \(D\) of \(\mathcal{S}\). Denote by \(M(\mathcal{S})\) the Banach space of all bounded complex-valued regular Borel measures on \(\mathcal{S}\) with the total variation norm. The space of all measures \(\mu \in M(\mathcal{S})\) for which the maps \[ x \mapsto \delta_x \ast | \mu | \text{ and } x \mapsto | \mu | \ast \delta_x \] from \(\mathcal{S}\) into \(M(\mathcal{S})\) are weakly continuous is denoted by \(M_a(\mathcal{S})\), where \(\delta_x\) denotes the Dirac measure at \(x\). We shall say that \(\mathcal{S}\) is \textit{foundation} if the set \(\cup\{ \text{supp}(\mu) \mid \mu \in M_a(\mathcal{S})\}\) is dense in \(\mathcal{S}\). Indicate by \(L^{\infty}(\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))\) the set of all bounded \(M_a(\mathcal{S})\)-measurable functions on \(\mathcal{S}\) formed by identifying functions that agree \(\mu\)-almost everywhere for all \(\mu \in M_a(\mathcal{S})\). Denote by \(L^{\infty}_0 (\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))\) the \(C^{\ast}\)-subalgebra of \(L^{\infty}(\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))\) consisting of all functions in \(L^{\infty}(\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))\) that vanish at infinity. There is a linear isometric embedding of \(M_a(\mathcal{S})\) into \(L_0^{\infty} (\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast}\). Let \(Z_1(L_0^{\infty} ( \mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast})\) be the set that contains all functionals \(m \in L_0^{\infty} ( \mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast}\) for which the map \(n \mapsto m \cdot n\) is \(\text{weak}^{\ast}-\text{weak}^{\ast}\) continuous on \(L_0^{\infty} (\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast}\). The set \(Z_1(L_0^{\infty} (\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast})\) is known as the \textit{first topological center} of \(L_0^{\infty} (\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast}\). Observe that \(M_a(\mathcal{S}) \subseteq Z_1(L_0^{\infty}(\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast})\). In the paper under review the authors give sufficient conditions on \(\mathcal{S}\) that guarantee that this inclusion is equality. Before we state the main result of this investigation, we need one more definition. Now assume that there is an identity element \(e\) in \(\mathcal{S}\). We will write \(\mathfrak{H}(e)\) for the group of units of \(\mathcal{S}\). The main result of this paper is: Let \(\mathcal{S}\) be a compactly cancellative foundation semigroup with identity \(e\) such that \(\mathfrak{H}(e)\) is open. Then \(Z_1(L_0^{\infty} (\mathcal{S}, M_a(\mathcal{S}))^{\ast}) = M_a(\mathcal{S}).\)