Almost étale extensions of Fontaine rings and log-crystalline cohomology in the semi-stable reduction case (Q416010)

Let \(K ^{+}\) be a complete discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic \((0,p)\) and with perfect residue field \(k\). Let \(K\) be its fraction field and \(\overline{K}\) be an algebraic closure of \(K\). First, let us present the context of the paper in the good reduction case. Let \(X\) be a proper smooth \(K ^{+}\)-scheme. One main subject in \(p\)-adic Hodge theory is to relate on one hand the étale cohomology of the generic fiber \(X _{\overline{K}}\) tensored with \(A _{\mathrm{cris}}\) and on the other hand the crystalline cohomology of the special fiber \(X _k\) tensored with \(A _{\mathrm{cris}}\), where \(A _{\mathrm{cris}}\) is the ring of \(p\)-adic periods constructed by Fontaine. For this purpose, Falting built a cohomology within his theory of almost étale extension. One might call this cohomology intermediate because there is a canonical map from étale cohomology to Falting's cohomological construction and another one from crystalline cohomology. This intermediate cohomology property is analogous to the so-called syntomic cohomology introduced by Fontaine and Messing. In this paper under review, the author studies closely the map between the crystalline cohomology to the intermediate one. His main result is that this map is locally an almost isomorphism up to \(t ^{d}\)-torsion, where \(d= \dim X _K\) and \(t \in A _{\mathrm{cris}}\) is the element playing the role of \(2 \pi i\) in the transcendental theory of periods instead of Fontaine's one. His proves simultaneously a similar result in the semi-stable reduction case. In this case, the crystalline cohomology has to be replaced by the logarithmic cohomology and the ring of \(p\)-adic periods \(A _{\mathrm{cris}}\) has to be replaced by the ring \(B ^{+}_{\mathrm{log}}\) (see the details below). More precisely, let us describe the main result of the paper. Let \(\mathrm{Spec} \, R\) be an integral \(K ^{+}\)-scheme which is étale over a ring of the form \(K ^{+} [T _1, \dots, T _{d +1}] / (T _1 \cdots T _r -c)\), where \(c = 1\) (good reduction) or \(c\) is a uniformizer of \(K^{+}\) (semi-stable reduction). Let \(\Sigma _n = W _n (k) [u] < u ^{e}>\), where \(e\) is the absolute ramification index of \(K\) and the angle brackets mean the divided power polynomial ring in \(u ^{e}\). The kernel of the surjection \( \Sigma_n \to K^{+} / p K ^{+}\) is a PD-ideal. Let \(\overline{R}\) be the normalization of \(R\) in a maximal profinite connected étale covering of \(R [ 1/p]\). Then via the theory of almost étale extensions, we check that the Frobenius of \(\overline{R}/ p \overline{R}\) is surjective and then we can construct the Fontaine ring \[ A^{+}_{\mathrm{log}} := \underset{n}{\underleftarrow{\lim}} H ^{0}_{\mathrm{log}-\mathrm{crys}} (\overline{R}/ p \overline{R} | \Sigma_n , {\mathcal O}). \] Replacing \(\overline{R}\) by \(\overline{K} ^{+}\) in the definition of \(A ^{+} _{\mathrm{log}} \) above one gets \(B ^{+} _{\mathrm{log}}\), the ring of \(p\)-adic periods constructed by Kato. Let \(t \in A _{\mathrm{cris}} \subset B ^{+} _{\mathrm{log}}\) be the element playing the role of \(2 \pi i\). Let \(\Delta\) be the Galois group of \(\overline{R} [1/p]\) over \(R \otimes _{K ^{+}} \overline{K}\) and \(\mathcal{R} _n\) be a log-smooth \(\Sigma _n\)-lift of \(R /pR\). The main result is the following: there exists a canonical morphism \[ B^{+}_{\mathrm{log}} \otimes_{\Sigma} \omega^{\bullet}{}_{\mathcal{R}_n/\Sigma_n} \to C^{\bullet}{} (\Delta , A^{+}_{\mathrm{log}} / p^n A^{+}_{\mathrm{log}}) \] which is almost a quasi-isomorphism up to \(t ^{d} x\)-torsion for some \(x \in B ^{+} _{\mathrm{log}}\) independent of \(n\) and \(R\). The proof uses almost étale extension theorems and rather explicit calculations. Similar results have been obtained by Andreatta and Iovita using same idea. More recently, they appeared in the work of Scholze on \(p\)-adic Hodge theory for rigid analytic varieties.