The correlation numerical range of a matrix and Connes' embedding problem (Q417435)

The correlation numerical range \(W_c(A)\) of an \(n\times n\) complex matrix in terms of correlation matrices is defined; some of its properties are established. A~related numerical range arising from Alain Connes' famous embedding problem (which asks if every finite von Neumann algebra can be tracially embedded in an ultraproduct of an ultrapower of the hyperfinite \(II_1\) factor) is also defined. The fundamental question addressed is as follows: What is a~necessary and sufficient condition for \(W_c(A)\) to lie in \([0,\infty)\) or \((0,\infty)\)?