Singularity of projections of 2-dimensional measures invariant under the geodesic flow (Q421001)

Let \(S\) be a compact surface with variable negative curvature and \(\varphi\) the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle \(T^1 S\). The main result of this article is that there exists a \(\varphi\)-invariant measure \(m\) such that its projection \(\Pi_\ast m\) on \(S\) has Hausdorff dimension \(2\) and is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure on \(S\). A previous result of \textit{F. Ledrappier} and \textit{E. Lindenstrauss} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2003, No. 9, 511--526 (2003; Zbl 1018.37003)] showed that if the canonical projection of \(m\) has Hausdorff dimension greater than \(2\) then the projected measure on \(S\) is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. In order to prove the result, it suffices to construct an ergodic \(\varphi\)-invariant measure of dimension 2 and a measurable set \(A\subset T^1 S\) of full measure and with zero Hausdorff dimension. The existence of such a measure is proven by studying a specific family of measures of dimension \(2\) given by Markov measures in a symbolic coding of the geodesic flow. Then one must prove that the fluctuations of the measures of dynamical balls for such measures are large enough, using a result by \textit{I. Melbourne} and \textit{M. Nicol} [Ann. Probab. 37, No. 2, 478--505 (2009; Zbl 1176.37006)].