No label defined (Q4210751)

Let \(S\) be a set in \(R^n\) and let \(\text{int} S\), \(cl S\), \(bdry S\), \(CS\) denote respectively the interior, closure, boundary and complement of the set \(S,x\) sees \(y\) via \(S\) if the closed segment \([x,y]\subset S\). The star of \(x\) or the visibility of \(x\) in \(S\) is the set \(st(x,S)\) of all the points of \(S\) that see \(x\) via \(S\). The external visibility of \(S\) is the visibility in the complement (or in the closure of the complement) of \(S\). A star-center of \(S\) is a point \(x\in S\) such that \(st(x,S)=S\). The kernel of \(S\) is the set \(\text{ker} S\) of all the points that are star-centers of \(S\). The set \(S\) is said to be a regular domain if \(\text{int} S\) is connected and \(S=cl(\text{int} S)\). A bounded regular domain is called a hunk. A point \(x\in S\) is a \(k\)-extreme point of \(S\) if for every \((k+1)\)-dimensional simplex \(D\subset S\), \(x\notin\text{relint} D\), where \(\text{relint} D\) denotes the interior of \(D\) relative to the \((k+1)\)-dimensional space generated by \(D\). \(S\) is said to have the half-line property if for each point \(x\in CS\) there exists a ray issuing from \(x\) and having empty intersection with \(S\). The algebraic hull of \(S\) is the set \(^aS=\{y\in R^n|\) exists \(x\in S\) such that \([x,y)\subset S\}\) where \([x,y)\) denotes the half-open segment which contains the extreme \(x\) but does not contain the extreme \(y\). If \(S\subset R^n\) such that \(^aS=S\) and \(^a(CS)=cl(CS)\), \(S\) has the shining boundary property if and only if \(S\) has its complement free from bounded connected components and if for each \(x\in bdryS\) there exists some ray issuing from \(x\) disjoint with the interior of \(S\). The author first proves that if \(S\) is a planar hunk such that \(^aS=S\) and \(^a(CS)= cl(CS)\), \(S\) has the half-line property if and only if \(S\) has the shining boundary property. The ray issuing from \(x\) and going through \(y\) is denoted by \(R(x\to y)\) whereas \(R(xy\to)\) denotes a ray issuing from \(y\) and going in the same direction as \(R(x\to y)\). \(R(x\to y)\) is inward through \(y\) if there exists \(t\in R(xy\to)\) such that the open segment \((y,t)\) is included in \(\text{int} S\), where \(y\in bdryS\) and \(x\in st(y,S)\); otherwise \(R(x\to y)\) is outward through \(y\). If \(A\) is a subset of \(R^n\) and \(a\in A\), the inscribed cone in \(A\) from \(a\) is the cone \(I(A,a)\) formed by \(\{a\}\) and every half-line included in \(A\) having \(a\) as its origin. then \(J(A,a)\) is the set formed by \(\{a\}\) and the opposite directions to those that compose \(J(A,a)\). The inner stem of \(y\) with respect to \(S\) is the set \[ \text{ins}(y,S)= \{y\} \cup\{x\in \text{st} (y,S)\mid R(x\to y)\text{ is an outward ray through }y\} \] The strong inner stem of \(p\) in \(S\) is the set \(\text{sins}(p,S)= J(\text{cl} (CS),p)\cup \text{st} (p,S)\). Then, if \(S\) is a planar hunk such that \(^aS=S\) and \(^a(CS)= \text{cl} (CS)\), \(S\) has the half-line property if and only if \(CS\) is free from any bounded connected components and if it holds that for any \(p\in bdryS\), \(\text{sins}(p,S)\) is non trivial. Finally if \(S\) is a planar compact set such that \(^aS=S\) and \(^a(CS)= \text{cl} (CS)\) and if \(\cap\{\text{st}(x,S) \mid_x\) is a 0-extreme point\} \(\neq \emptyset\) the statements ``\(S\) has the shining boundary property'' and ``\(\text{Ker} S=\cap \{\text{st}(x,S) \mid_x\) is a 0-extreme point\}'' are equivalent.