Un modèle du calcul de Dirac dans la théorie relative des ensembles (Q4219682)

The Dirac \(\delta\) function and its derivatives were mathematically justified by L. Schwartz in his theory of distributions. The authors refer to a calculus including the \(\delta\) function as Dirac calculus. In this paper, the authors give a new justification of Dirac calculus from the nonstandard point of view. The Dirac function at a \(^\alpha\)standard real number is defined as a step function of \(\infty_\alpha\chi[a-H,a]\) or \(\infty_\alpha\chi[a,a+ H]\), where \(H\) is a positive \(^\alpha\)infinitesimal and \(\infty_\alpha\) is \(1/H\). For example, \(\chi[a-H,a]\) is the characteristic function of \((a-H,a)\). The observed derivative with threshold \(H\) is the step function: \(\infty_\alpha \sum^{n-1}_{k=1} s_k\chi(a_k,a_k')\) which is denoted by \(\psi^{\prime obs}\), where \(\infty_\alpha= 1/H\). In general, \(\psi^{(n+ 1)obs}= (\psi^{(n)obs})^{\prime obs}\). Some of the main results are: (1) For any \(a\), there is a finite set \(F\) such that for any \(b\in R-F\), \(\int^\infty_{-\infty}\delta_a(x)\delta_b(x) dx=\delta_a(b)\). (2) For any \(a\), there exists a finite set \(F\) such that for any standard natural number \(n\geq 0\), and any \(b\in R-F\), \(\int^\infty_{-\infty} \delta^{\prime obs}_a(x) \delta_b^{(n)obs}(x) dx= \delta_a^{(n+1)obs}(b)\). (3) For any \(a\), \(\int^\infty_{-\infty} -x\delta_a^{\prime obs}(x) dx=1\).