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A strong school mathematical curriculum has been a particular feature of the education system in the Soviet Union. There used to be a vast literature on mathematical problems of various types, particularly at the level of olympiads and preparing for entrance exams to universities and other higher education institutions. The current book shows that despite all current economic problems this tendency remains strong. The book presents a number of elementary mathematical problems at the level of specialised schools with reinforced mathematical curriculum. In the western educational system this roughly corresponds to the first two years of undergraduate university courses. Many problems described require not only formal knowledge for their solution, but a general mathematical culture. The problems differ from those typically suggested at olympiads, but rather remind of examination papers proposed at entrance exams for mathematical faculties of the few leading universities throughout the former Soviet Union. The book is in three parts: Part 1 discusses in detail several sets of problems offered in the past, Part 2 lists examination papers offered in 1990-95 and sketches their short solutions, Part 3 surveys some theoretical material that lies outside the ``standard'' school programme but might be helpful in the context of the current book.