UNIFORMLY STRONGLY PRIME RADICALS (Q4236503)

A ring \(R\) is said to be uniformly strongly prime (US-prime) if there exists a finite set \(F\) contained in \(R\) such that for every nonzero \(x\) in \(R\), if \(xFz=0\), then \(z=0\) for any \(z\) in \(R\). A finite set \(F\) is an insulator for \(R\) in an ideal \(I\), if \(F\) is contained in \(I\) and \(xFy=0\) implies \(x\) or \(y=0\), for any \(x\) and \(y\) in \(R\). When \(F\) contains just one element \(c\neq 0\), we say the ring is US(1)-prime. The author proves that for \(R\neq 0\), \({\mathcal S}=\{I\vartriangleleft R:R\) has no insulator in \(I\}\), and \(N\) maximal in \(\mathcal S\), then \(R/N\) is a US-prime ring. Similarly if \({\mathcal S}=\{I\vartriangleleft R:R\) has no single element insulator in \(I\}\) and \(N\) is maximal in \(\mathcal S\), then \(R/N\) is a US(1)-prime ring. All integral domains are US(1)-prime, but an example is given to show that the converse is false. It is known that the classes of US-prime and of US(1)-prime rings are special. \(\tau_1\) is the upper radical determined by all US(1)-prime rings. \(\tau_\infty\) is the upper radical determined by all US-prime rings. Both of these radicals are contained in the generalized nil radical. The author proves that \(\tau_1(R)=\) the nilradical of \(R\) if and only if \(B=\tau_1(R)\) where \(B=\{a\) in \(R:\) if \(a\) is in a \(t(1)\) system \(T\), then \(0\) is in \(T\}\), where \(T\) is a \(t(1)\) system if there exists an element \(c\) in \(R\) such that \(TcT\) is contained in \(T\).