Asymptotic behavior of the solutions of maxwell—klein—gordon field equations in 4—dimensional minkowski space (Q4237899)

The Maxwell-Klein-Gordon (MKG) equations are the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion modelling the interaction of charges with electromagnetic field. They are of fundamental importance in modern physics. The Lagrangian \({\mathbf L}\) is given by: \[ {\mathbf L}= 1/4 F_{\mu\nu} F^{\mu\nu}+ {1/2} D_\mu \phi\overline{D^\mu\phi}+ 1/2 m^2\phi\overline\phi, \] where \(F_{\mu\nu}\) is the electromagnetic tensor field, \(\phi\) is a complex scalar field. The constant \(m^2\) can be taken equal to 1. One can introduce a real potential \(A\) such that \(F_{\mu\nu}= \nabla_\mu A_\nu- \nabla_\nu A_\mu\) and \(D_\mu\phi= \nabla_\mu\phi+ iA_\mu\phi\). In a Minkowski space \({\mathbf M}\) the covariant derivative may be replaced by the partial derivative. The Lagrangian equations of motion are: \[ \nabla_\mu F_{\mu\nu}= \text{Im}(\overline\phi D_\mu\phi),\quad D_\mu D^\mu\phi= m^2\phi, \] with the current conservation law \(\nabla_\mu J^\mu= 0\) (all indices varying from 0 to 3). Because of the assumption of compact support on the initial data, the coupled system of equations of motion degenerates into the system of Maxwell equations with the Klein-Gordon field vanishing outside a fixed cone. Using Hodge duality, the (matrix) representation of the electromagnetic field is decomposed into electric and magnetic parts. Decay of electric field is estimated to be like \(r^2\) at \(t= 0\). The main theorem based on initial conditions (at \(t=0\)), and on certain smallness assumptions states that there exists a global solution of the MKG equations, also satisfying certain bounds on \(\phi\) and \(F\) in the interior of the light cone, while purely electrostatic field decaying like \(r^2\) is the solution in the exterior of the light cone. The author states that the simultaneous presence of mass and charge in the Klein-Gordon equation has not been considered before, and that is the reason why the standard techniques of conformal transformation did not work for this case.