Circulation of the World ocean: the effect of physical factors on the formation and the long-term variability of hydrophysical fields (Q4238151)

We present a modified numerical model of thermohaline dynamics of the World ocean. The model is based on a system of primitive equations, which are written in the spherical \(z/H(\lambda, \theta)\)-coordinates. The model is complemented by a new representation of horizontal turbulent heat and salt exchange, which takes into account `mixed derivatives' with respect to horizontal and vertical coordinates. This corresponds to their exact transformation when passing from \(z\)- to \(z/H\)-coordinates. Using the model, we carry out several numerical calculations of quasiequilibrium regimes of the global circulation on the interval of several thousand years. On the surface of the World ocean we give the monthly mean values of SST, salinity, and wind stress, which are calculated by climatic mean values from 1945 to 1989 (UWM-COADS data). We study the dependence of the sea water density on pressure taking into account the `mixed derivatives' when describing the horizontal turbulent heat and salt exchange we also investigate the inclusion of the Mediterranean Sea in the World ocean.