Existence of homoclinic orbits to invariant tori of Hamiltonian systems: a model case (Q4238345)

The author studies existence and multiplicity of homoclinic orbits to invariant tori of certain model Hamiltonian systems. The problem is as follows. Let \(V:(\theta ,x)\in \mathbb{R}^n\times \mathbb{R}^d\to \mathbb{R}\) be a smooth function, \(2\pi\)-periodic in \(\theta\) and such that its gradient vector \(\nabla V=(V_{\theta},V_{x})\) vanishes at \(x=0\). Let \(\omega\in \mathbb{R}^n\) be given. The paper deals with the existence of couples \((q_0,\varphi _0)\in C^2(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^d)\times \mathbb{R}^n\), where \(q_0(t)\) is a homoclinic solution of the system \[ \ddot q=q-V_x(\omega t+\varphi _0,q) \] such that \[ \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}V_{\theta}(\omega t+\varphi _0,q_0(t))dt=0. \] Solutions to this problem (called problem (P) in the paper) can be regarded as homoclinic orbits to invariant tori of the Hamiltonian system on \(W=\mathbb{R}^d\times \mathbb{R}^d\times T^n\times \mathbb{R}^n\) with the Hamiltonian function \(H={1\over 2}| y| -{1\over 2}| x| +V(\theta ,x)+\omega \cdot I\). Under certain conditions posed on the function \(V\) and its first- and second-order partial derivatives, the existence of one and \(n+1\) distinct nontrivial (\(q_0\neq 0\)) solutions to problem (P) is shown. In order to obtain these results the author applies a variational approach as the problem (P) can be stated as a variational problem: its solutions are all and the only critical points of a suitable \(C^1\)-functional on a Hilbert space.