On arithmetic properties of the convergents of Euler's number (Q4238652)

It is well-known that Euler's number \(e\) has the continued fraction expansion \[ e=[2;1,2,1,1,4,1,1,6,1,\dots]=[2;\overline{1,2k,1}]_{k\geq 1}:=[c_0;c_1,c_2,\dots]. \] Let \(p_n/q_n=[c_0;c_1,c_2,\dots,c_n]\) \((n=0,1,\dots)\) be the convergents for \(e\). Denote \(P_k=p_{3k+1}\), \(Q_k=q_{3k+1}\) \((k=0,1,\dots)\) and \(P_0=3,P_{-1}=1\), \(P_{-2}=1\), \(Q_0=1\), \(Q_{-1}=1\), \(Q_{-2}=-1\), and \(P_{-k}=P_{k-3}\), \(Q_{-k}=-Q_{k-3}\) \((k=3,4,5,\dots)\). The author proves some interesting arithmetic properties of the sequences \((P_n)\) and \((Q_n)\). For instance, (1) For any \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), \(P_{n+2}=2(2n+5) P_{n+1}+P_n\), \(Q_{n+2}=2(2n+5)Q_{n+1}+Q_n\); (2) For any integer \(r\geq 0\), \(\sum^r_{t=0}P_tQ_{r-t}/t!(r-t)!=(r+1)(2r+3)4^r\); (3) For every integer \(n>0\), \(Q_n\equiv(-1)^n\bmod n\) and \(\bmod n+3,\equiv(-1)^{n+1}\bmod n+1\) and \(\bmod n+2\); \(P_n\equiv 3\bmod n\) and \(\bmod n+3\), \(\equiv 1\bmod n+1\) and \(\bmod n+2\). The main one is that for any integer \(s>2\), the sequence \(((P_n,Q_n)\bmod s)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\) is periodic with the length of period \(\leq 1+s\) if \(s\not\equiv\bmod 8\), and \(\leq s/2\) if \(s\equiv 0\bmod 8\); and the congruences \(P_n\equiv Q_n\equiv 1\bmod s\) hold for infinitely many \(n\). Moreover, it is also proved that for arbitrary positive integers \(a\) and \(s\), \(\lim\inf_{q\geq 1,q\equiv a\bmod s}q\|qe\|=0\), where \(\|\alpha\|\) denotes the distance of \(\alpha\in\mathbb{R}\) to the nearest integer.