No label defined (Q4239057)

The authors investigate the toral differential system: \[ \dot x=f(x)g(y)+ \beta,\quad \dot y=f(y)\bigl [g(x)-\alpha g(y)\bigr], \tag{*} \] with \(\alpha>1\), \(\beta\geq 0\); \(f,g\in C^2\) are \(2\pi\)-periodic functions. Moreover, \(f(x)\) is odd, \(f(0)= f(\pi)=0\), \(f''(x)<0\) for \(x\in(0,\pi)\), \(\max f(x)= f(a)=1\), \((0<a< \pi)\); \(g(x)\) is even, \(g(a)=0\), \(g''(x)<0\) for \(x\in (-a,a)\), \(g''(x)>0\) for \(x\in (a,\pi-a)\), \(\max g(x)=g(0)=1\), \(\min g(x)=g(\pi)= -K<0\). They determine the chief topological types of phase-portraits of (*) in the \((x,y)\) plane, and bifurcation curves in the first quadrant of the \((\alpha, \beta)\) plane. Finally, an application in CCPLL (cross coupled phase locked loop) is made.