An estimate for a first-order Riesz operator on the affine group (Q4243645)

Let \(G\) be the Lie group of positively oriented affine maps \(\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\). Then the solvable Lie group \(G\) consists of the points \(x=(s,t) \in\mathbb{R}^2\), with group multiplication \((s,t)(s',t')= (s+e^ts', t+t')\). The measure \(dm(x)= e^{-t} dsdt\) is the left Haar measure of the group \(G\). The Lie algebra \({\mathcal G}\) of \(G\) is spanned by the right invariant vector fields \(X=\partial/ \partial s\) and \(Y=\partial/ \partial t+s\partial/ \partial s\). The operator \(-X^2-Y^2\) on \(C_0^\infty(G)\) has a selfadjoint closure \(\Delta\) on \(L^2(m)= L^2(G,m)\). The author proves that the first order Riesz operator \(X\Delta^{-1/2}\) is of weak type (1,1) with respect to the left Haar measure \(m\) of \(G\) and bounded on \(L^p(m)\), \(1<p\leq 2\). To be more exact, the following is the main result. Theorem. For \(x=(s,t)\in G\), let \[ K(x)={2\over \pi}se^{-t/2} \int^\infty_0 (1-z^2)^{-1/2} {\mathfrak O}^1_{\lambda- 1/2}(z)d \lambda, \] where \({\mathfrak O}^\mu_\nu\) is the Legendre function of the second kind and \(z=z (x)= {1\over 2}(e^t+e^{-t} +s^2e^{-t})\). The operator defined by convolution from the principal value \(\text{pv}K\) is bounded on \(L^p(m)\) for \(1<p\leq 2\) and of weak type (1,1) with respect to \(m\). For \(f\in D(\Delta^{-1/2})\), the domain of \(\Delta^{-1/2}\), one has \(X\Delta^{-1/2}f= \text{pv}K*f\). Thus the Riesz operator \(X\Delta^{-1/2}\) extends to an operator which is bounded on \(L^p(m)\), \(1<p\leq 2\), and of weak type (1,1). Locally, the operator \(X\Delta^{-1/2}\) is a singular integral operator of Calderón-Zygmund type. The main part of the proof therefore concerns the behavior of the kernel \(K\) of the operator at infinity and involves cancellation.