No label defined (Q4247729)

This article deals with the bifurcation phenomenon for the general operator equation \(f(x)= 0\) with the \({\mathcal C}^1\)-Fredholm operator \(f\) defined on an open domain \({\mathcal U}\) of a Banach space \(E\) and taking values in a Banach space \(F\). For a distinguished subset \(M\) of \(f^{(-1)}(0)\), a point \(p\) is a bifurcation point if \(p\in \text{Cl }f^{(-1)}(0)\setminus M\). The authors formulate necessary and sufficient conditions under which a point \(p\) turns out to be a bifurcation point. More precisely, if \(M\) is a manifold of dimension \(m\) then \(p\in M\) is a bifurcation point only if \(\dim\ker f'(p)> m\). Furthermore, if \(\dim\ker f'(p)= m+1\) then \(p\in M\) is a bifurcation point provided that there exists \(u\in\ker f'(p)\setminus T_p(M)\) satisfying \(f''(p)(u, v)\not\in f'(p)\) for all \(v\in T_p(M)\setminus\{0\}\). The authors explain that some well-known results on bifurcation points are simple corollaries of their results; here some old Malkin's results on nonlinear oscillations in autonomous systems must be added [see \textit{I. G. Malkin}, ``Some problems of nonlinear oscillations theory'', (in Russian), Moscow (1956; Zbl 0070.08703)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0901.00038].