Operator valued frames and structured quantum channels (Q424876)

A quantum channel is described by the dual map of a completely positive, trace preserving map. The focus of this work is to investigate foundations, from the operator-valued frame viewpoint, of structured quantum channels. In particular, a number of results are presented involving operator valued frame generators for projective unitary representations of finite or countable groups, building to some extent on prior work of \textit{J. P. Gabardo} and \textit{D. Han} [J. Oper. Theory 49, No. 2, 223--244 (2003; Zbl 1027.46092)]. Several frame dilation theorems are proved. For Hilbert spaces \(H\) and \(\{H_j\}_{j\in J}\), let \(V_j\in B(H,H_j)\). If there exist positive constants \(A,B\) such that \[ AI\leq \sum_{j\in J} V_j^\ast V_j\leq BI \] then the collection \(\{V_j\}\) is called an operator-valued (OPV) frame for \(H\). It is called Parseval if \(A=B=1\). The operator \(S=\sum V_j^\ast V_j\) is called the frame operator. Also, \(\Theta_Vf=\{V_jf\}\) is called the analysis operator and \(S=\Theta_V^\ast \Theta_V\). Frame dilation theorems refer to frames for a \textit{smaller} space that are restrictions of orthonormal bases for larger spaces. Theorem 2.6 is the Naimark/Han/Larson dilation theorem in the context of OPV-frames. It states that if \(\{V_j\}\) is an OPV Parseval frame, where \(V_j:H\to H_j\), then there is a Hilbert space \(K\supset H\) and \(W_j:K\to H_j\) such that \(\{W_j\}\) is an orthonormal OPV-frame (i.e., an OPV Parseval frame such that the range of \(\Theta_V\) coincides with \(\oplus H_j\)) for \(K\) and \(V_j=W_j|H\). In the context of unitary representations the following result is proved (Theorem 3.10): Let \(\pi \) be a \(\mu\)-projective (where \(\mu:G\times G\to\mathbb{C}\) satisfies \(\pi(g)\pi(h)=\mu(g,h)\phi(gh)\)) representation of a countable discrete group \(G\) on \(H\), and \(A\in B(H)\) be a Parseval OPV-frame generator for \(\pi\), that is, \(\Phi_\pi(A^\ast A)=I\) where \(\Phi_\pi (A)=\sum_{g\in G} \pi(g^{-1})A\pi(g)\). Then there is a \(\mu\)-projective unitary representation \(\sigma\) of \(G\) on a \(K\) and there is an OPV ONB generator for \(\sigma \) such that (i) \(K\supset H\), (ii) \(H\) is invariant under \(\sigma\) and \(\pi=\sigma |_{H}\), and (iii) \(A=B|_{H}\). A number of results are also presented involving OPV frame duals. For example, Theorem 4.5 states that \(\{V\}_j\) admits a Parseval dual frame if and only if there exists a Hilbert space \(K\supset H\) and an orthonormal OPV-frame for \(K\), and an oblique projection \(Q\) such that \(Q(K)=H\) and \(V_j=U_j Q^\ast\) for any \(j\in J\).