On the 85th birthday of Alexandr Yul’evich Ishlinskii (Q4255322)

Here, spectrum properties of matrix polynomial \(F(\lambda)=A_0+\lambda A_1+\cdots+\lambda ^sA_s\) associated with discrete (differential) systems are studied. The matrices \(U\in{\mathbb{C}}^{m\times m}\) and \(T\in{\mathbb{C}}^{n\times m} (T\neq 0)\) are said to form a right pair if for some analytical matrix-valued function \(\Phi (\lambda)\) the identity \(F(\lambda)T=\Phi(\lambda)(\lambda\text{Id}-U)\) holds true. The left pair is defined in a similar way. For the right (left) pair the so-called controllability index is defined. It is shown that at least \(r\) points of the spectrum \(\sigma(U)\) are eigenvalues of \(F(\lambda)\), where \(r\) is the controllability index. Next, for some Hermitian matrix \(\{\gamma _{ij}\}_{i,j=1}^k\) and the Hermitian function \[ f(\lambda,\bar\mu)=\sum_{i,j=0}^{k}\gamma_{ij}f_i(\lambda) \overline{f_j(\mu)} \] (here the bar means the complex conjugacy) the following sets are defined: \(\Lambda_{+(-,0)}=\{\lambda \in{\mathbb{C}}: f(\lambda,\bar\lambda)>0 (<0,=0)\}\). Let \(\sigma _0(F)\) stands for a subset of \(\sigma(U)\) consisting of \(r\) eigenvalues of \(F(\lambda)\) together with their multiplicities. The author studies the location of \(\sigma_0(F)\) with respect to \(\Lambda _+,\;\Lambda _-,\;\Lambda _0\). The right pairs for polynomials \(F(\lambda)\) and \(\lambda^sF(1/\lambda)\) are used to obtain representations of solutions to the system of differential equations \(A_0x+A_1x'+\cdots+A_sx^{(s)}=g(t)\).