The Polish Lie ring of vector fields on a smooth manifold is algebraically determined (Q428815)

The authors continue their investigations of algebraic structures equipped with a Polish topology that is algebraically determined. In a previous paper [Collect. Math. 61, No. 3, 337--352 (2010; Zbl 1226.22015)] they dealt with certain Polish groups. In the paper under review they consider Polish Lie rings, that is, Lie rings equipped with complete separable metrics such that the algebraic operations are continuous. A Polish Lie ring \(L\) is called algebraically determined if every algebraic isomorphism from any Polish Lie ring to \(L\) is a topological isomorphism. The authors investigate certain quotient rings of subrings of the Polish Lie ring \(\mathcal{L}(M)\) of globally defined \(C^\infty\) vector fields on a Hausdorff second countable \(C^\infty\) manifold \(M\). Let \(\mathcal{L}_0(M)\) be the Lie subring of \(\mathcal{L}(M)\) consisting of those vector fields on \(M\) with compact support, and let \(\mathcal{L}_0(M) \subset \mathcal{L} \subset \mathcal{L}(M)\) be an abstract Lie subring that is a Polish Lie ring with respect to some Polish topology (which a priori has nothing to do with the natural Polish topology on \(\mathcal{L}(M))\). The main result of the paper states that the natural injection \(\mathcal{L}\to\mathcal{L}(M)\) is continuous, that for every open subset \(U \subset M\) the collection \(\mathcal{I}(U)\) of all vector fields in \(\mathcal{L}\) that vanish on \(U\) is a closed ideal in \(\mathcal{L}\) and that \(\mathcal{L}/\mathcal{I}(U)\) is an algebraically determined Polish Lie ring in the quotient topology. The proof makes use of the well-know result that an algebraic isomorphism between Polish groups (the additive groups of the Polish Lie rings under consideration) which is a Borel mapping is a topological isomorphism. In the last section of the paper the authors apply their main theorem to generalize a result of \textit{J. Grabowski} [Invent. Math. 50, 13--33 (1978; Zbl 0378.57010)] that the Lie ring \(\mathcal{L}(M)\) is a complete algebraic invariant for \(M\) up to diffeomorphism. They prove that, if \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) are two Hausdorff second countable \(C^\infty\) manifolds and \(\mathcal{L}_0(M_l) \subset \mathcal{L}_l \subset \mathcal{L}(M_l)\), \(l=1,2\), are abstract Lie subrings which are Polish Lie rings with respect to some Polish topology such that \(\mathcal{L}_0(M_l)\) is dense in \(\mathcal{L}_l\), then every algebraic isomorphism between \(\mathcal{L}_1\) and \(\mathcal{L}_2\) is obtained as the derivative of a diffeomorphism between \(M_1\) and \(M_2\).