Lagrangian curves on spectral curves of monopoles (Q430020)

The space \(\mathbb L(\mathbb E^3)\) of oriented affine lines in the Euclidean space \(\mathbb E^3\) is naturally identifiable with \( TS^2 = T \mathbb C P^1 \simeq T^* \mathbb C P^1\) and it is therefore endowed with the complex structure of \(T \mathbb C P^1\) and the symplectic structure of \(T^* \mathbb C P^1\). It is known that a complex curve in \( \mathbb L(\mathbb E^3)\) is Lagrangian at all points if and only if it consists of the oriented normals of a plane or a sphere. This paper is devoted to the smooth compact complex curves in \(\mathbb L(\mathbb E^3)\) which are not of this kind. The authors prove that any such complex curve \(\Sigma\) does not have isolated Lagrangian points, that any curve \(\mathcal C \subset \Sigma\) of Lagrangian points corresponds to a ruled surface \( \mathcal S_{\Sigma, \mathcal C} \subset \mathbb E^3\) of zero Gaussian curvature and that the points of the edges of regression of such ruled surfaces can be characterized by having a smaller number of lines of \(\Sigma\) passing through them. The authors then consider the spectral curves in \(T \mathbb C P^1 (\simeq \mathbb L(\mathbb E^3))\), which correspond to \(\text{SU}_2\)-monopoles on \(\mathbb E^3\) of charge \(2\) and of tetrahedrically symmetric charge \(3\), and determine the curves of Lagrangian points in such spectral curves and their associated ruled surfaces.