Computation of the fine Fomenko-Zieschang invariant for the main integrable cases of rigid body motion (Q4334965)

Let \((M^4,\omega)\) be a symplectic manifold with symplectic structure \(\omega\). Suppose that \(\vec v=\text{sgrad }H\) is a Hamiltonian system on it that has Hamiltonian \(H\in C^\infty(M)\), is non-resonant and Liouville-integrable via the Bott integral \(f\in C^\infty(M)\). With respect of a fine topological classification of such systems, \textit{A. T. Fomenko} and \textit{H. Zieschang} [Math. USSR, Izv. 36, No. 3, 567-596 (1991); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 54, No. 3, 546-575 (1990; Zbl 0723.58024)] discovered the fine topological invariant \(W^*(Q^3,v)\), called a marked molecule, which classifies fibrewise equivalent systems on the fixed and regular isoenergy surfaces \(Q_h^3= \{H(x)= h\}\). A marked molecule is a graph whose vertices and edges are equipped with certain marks. In [Russ. Math. Surv. 45, No. 2, 59-94 (1990); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 45, No. 2(272), 49-77 (1990; Zbl 0705.58025) (abbreviated by [2])], \textit{A. V. Bolsinov}, \textit{S. V. Matveev}, and \textit{A. T. Fomenko} proved a realizability theorem, that is, they proved that any abstractly given `marked molecule', equipped with marks satisfying the natural conditions completely described in [2], is an invariant \(W^*(Q_h^3,\vec v)\) for some integrable non-degenerate Hamiltonian system \(\vec v\) on a suitable 3-manifold \(Q_h^3\). We use the terminology and notation of [2]. The marks of the invariant \(W^*(Q_h^3,v)\) are of two types. The first type consists of \(\varepsilon\)- and \(r\)-marks. They are `local' invariants and are located on the edges of the molecule. The second type of mark, the \(n\)-marks, have a `global' character. These numbers are an analogue of the Euler number of complex line bundles over two-dimensional surfaces. In this article we find explicit relations between the homology group \(H_1(Q^3)\) and the marks of \(W^*(Q^3,v)\). Since the topology of the 3-manifold \(Q^3\) is usually known (or can easily be found) for the outset in mechanics and physics, a very effective way of finding the \(n\)-marks is thus obtained. As an application of the technique developed here, at the end of the paper we give a complete computation of the Fomenko-Zieschang invariant for some important integrable cases of rigid body motion, and hence obtain a fine topological classification of all these dynamical systems.