Quotients by actions of the derived group of a maximal unipotent subgroup (Q433554)

Let \(\Bbbk\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and \(G\) a semisimple algebraic group over \(\Bbbk\) acting on an affine irreducible variety \(X\). Let \(U\) be a maximal unipotent subgroup. It is well-known that the algebra of \(U\)-invariants \(\Bbbk[X]^U\) is finitely generated. This ring is an important object in the study of classical invariant theory. In the present article, the author studies the invariants of \(U'\), the derived group of \(U\). The algebra \(\Bbbk[X]^{U'}\) is finitely generated, and therefore the quotient \(\pi: X\to X//U'=\mathrm{Spec}(\Bbbk[X]^{U'})\) is well-defined. In [\textit{D. I. Panyushev}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2010, No. 4, 674--700 (2010; Zbl 1193.14062)], the author shows that the theory of \(U'\)-invariants has many analogies to that of \(U\)-invariants. In the present article, he elaborates further in this study. More specifically, he gives conditions to determine when all the fibres of the quotient map are equidimensional. He also gives an analogue to the Hilbert-Mumford criterion for null-cone.