The Wick calculus of pseudo-differential operators and energy estimates (Q4336931)

The main goal of the lecture is to explore how the Wick quantization can be used for proving energy estimates. As a consequence of a very fine analysis in the Wick calculus, the author obtains the local solvability in \(L^2\) for the operators \[ P=D_t +ia(t, x, D_x) +R \] where \(R\) is any \(L^2\)-bounded operator and \((t,x,\xi) \mapsto a(t,x,\xi)\) is a real-valued homogeneous symbol of degree one with respect to \(\xi\), smooth outside the zero section, such that \(\tau+ia(t,x,\xi)\) satisfies the celebrated condition \((\psi)\) [see \textit{L. Hörmander}, The analysis of linear partial differential operators I--IV, Berlin, Springer (1990; Zbl 0712.35001); (1990; Zbl 0687.35002); (1985; Zbl 0601.35001), (1985; Zbl 0612.35001)] and so that, for some \(\gamma<1\), the inequality \[ \bigl| (\nabla_xa) (t,x,\xi) \bigr|^2 |\xi |^{-1} +\bigl| (\nabla_\xi a)(t,x,\xi) \bigr|^2 |\xi |\leq \gamma \bigl |\partial_t a(t,x,\xi) \bigr|, \] is satisfied on the zero set of \(a\). This gives in particular that, if the zero set of \(a\) is regular, then the condition \((\psi)\) is sufficient for local solvability of \(P\). Let us also recall that the author [in Ann. Math., II. Ser. 139, 363-393 (1994; Zbl 0818.35152)] has given an example of a first order operator satisfying the condition \((\psi)\) and which is not locally solvable in \(L^2\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0859.00023].