No label defined (Q4337518)

The main result of this paper states that the profinite fundamental group of a proper smooth curve of genus \(\geq 2\) over a number field determines the isomorphism class of the curve. This was conjectured by A. Grothendieck (for any hyperbolic curve) around 1980 and called the fundamental conjecture of anabelian algebraic geometry [see \textit{A. Grothendieck}, Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 242, 49-58; English translation 285-293 (1997) and ibid., 5-48; English translation 243-283 (1997)]. The author deduces the above result using a previous work of \textit{A. Tamagawa} [Compos. Math. 109, No. 2, 135--194 (1997; Zbl 0899.14007)], where the cases of affine curves of all genera over number fields and finite fields are established. The method is to control group theoretically the subgroups of \(\pi_1\) arising from tubular neighborhoods of irreducible components appearing in stable bad reductions (of covers) of a given proper curve (at infinitely many primes), whose main factors are related to the tame fundamental groups of affine curves over finite fields (treated by Tamagawa) obtained as the component curves minus nodes in those special fibres. In the process, the author introduces/proves two new versions of Grothendieck's conjecture: ``log-admissible version'' over finite fields and ``ordinary version'' over \(p\)-adic fields. The latter version is further generalized by [\textit{S. Mochizuki}, ``The local pro-\(p\) anabelian geometry of curves'', RIMS-1097, preprint 1996].